The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. Use capital letters in the following ways: The first words of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. What is the rule for state abbreviations? In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . South-East Albania? By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: Butsouthernerandnorthernerarecapitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. (Cap or no cap on east and west). Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. (There is a lot of leniency on whether to capitalize "The." Few would argue that the region is called "The North" as . Once again, refer to your dictionary if your preferred style guide doesnt address this issue. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). Capitalization For WebCT Users in Writing Classes: The "caps" icon (usually immediately before a word) indicates either that the following word ought to be capitalized (for one of the reasons listed here) or, if it is already capitalized, that it shouldn't be. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. Hi, Mary. As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. Did the Allman Brothers Band play southern rock or Southern rock? To capitalize or not quoted text after be form, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. AP Style says it should be capitalized while the Chicago Style Manual says it should be lowercased. Is that an argument? Does the word federal need to be capitalized? A region could also be a group of nations. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. For places names and proper names, the word "Southern" should be capitalized, but in other contexts, it is not. It also looks at when to capitalize those regions when they are used as adjectives and to describe U.S. geographic populations. However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . However, the forms bachelor's degree, bachelor's, master's degree and master's are acceptable as general terms. When there is no proper name, lowercase "mountain", "gorge", "valley", "beach", and other geographical features. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. Consult your dictionary if your preferred style guide doesnt address this issue. The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. I tried to describe the difference in my answer below. It was put into effect at first for big businesses, but was then gradually adopted by everyone as a standardized format. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. The direction word makes it a proper noun. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. The correct sentence is Carlotta and I love Halloween. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. NOTE: Within certain regions it is not uncommon for many who live there to capitalize the adjective because of the special importance they attach to the regional designation. The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. - thanks! When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? But you capitalize them when theyre specific regions or an integral part of a proper name. For example: When words such as "northern", "southern", "western", and "eastern" precede a region or place's name, do not capitalize them as they are only indicating a general location in a region. is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. Hi, Chris. The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. Besides the global continents, there are also atmospheric and hydrospheric regions that encompass the oceans, discrete climates, or environments above the water and landmasses of earth. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). We lowercase the terms when they refer to directions: The United States is located north of Mexico. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. One exception to this rule: common objects with a country or nationality as part of the name ( french fries, scotch whiskey, venetian blinds, and so forth). 2 Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Use a hyphen to show a range of dates and do not repeat 20 (2012-13, not 2012-2013). So capitalize The Pacific Northwest and Central Texas, but not We drove west for two hours., The States that make up The South are usually considered to be: Virginia Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Texas. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. Characteristics. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. Seasons. Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. MLA style follows The Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. Less democratic. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". States and territories Use initial capitals for words in the formal name. Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. O needs to be capitalized since it is at the beginning of the sentence, I needs to be capital, Pisces is a specific constellation so it is a proper noun, and likewise North is proper noun. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. This seems a difficult case; as this discussion at. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. My friend is a southerner. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? When a database has been given a proper name, capitalize that name, but do not italicize it or place it inside quote marks. The North, The East, The South, and The West. However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. The same rules apply to capitalizing western as capitalizing west. When possessive pronouns like her, his, my, our, and your are used, do not capitalize them. When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. Some common examples of when you should capitalize south include: down South the Deep South If states is being referred to in a general manner, such as There are two senators for each state, then the word states would remain lower case. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. 1 Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. U.S. However, be consistent and do not write: "Visitors to southern California climbed while visitors to northern California fell." Should south be capitalized? Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate direction or general location. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. They are written with capital letters. So, noun will be always first capital letter. down South. For example, Southern US is proper because it is a specific region. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized ("I spotted a red-tailed hawk," not "I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk"), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in "Steller . The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. 1. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. South Pacific. How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). in the southwestern part an eastward direction These words usually do get capitalized when they describe a region of the world or of a country, but there are some exceptions. You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. By attaching itself to a common object, the language or country name takes on a new meaning. Do you capitalize north? State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. Certain public figures get capitalized, but others dont. Should southern be capitalized? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. Other assets have a wide range of liquidity. Is "Southern California" considered a proper noun? But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. Dont capitalize the word when it precedes the states name unless its included in a states title. Certain regions of California (Bay Area, Southern California, Central Coast, etc.) Can you drive with a broken front differential? NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. . For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . 10 Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? To Capitalize or not to Capitalize Independence? The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. South-Eastern Albania? The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services, Broad geographical regions (e.g., the North or the Far East), People from a specific region (e.g., Northerners, Southerners), Cultures or movements related to a region (e.g., Western philosophy). Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. Hope all that helps! Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. More answers below The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Instead, I have compiled a partial list of things people shouldn't capitalize but commonly do anyway. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '809ac5c4-ef90-4489-8311-03d2c90632ee', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); Topics: Drive south for five miles. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. If the is used, use Prime Minister. You should capitalize "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. But in other cases, it is more a matter of convention and habit. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this websites owner is strictly prohibited. Are you supposed to capitalize north south east and west? Hi there! For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". As explained in the post, some people do capitalize terms like "the North" when they refer to a well-established geographical area. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Alternatively, some style guide suggest that all of the main words (i.e. So you would only capitalize federal when you use it in the name of a federal agency, an act, or some other proper noun. The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. Is it Southern or Southern? If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. But when the term is used in a formal name, it's capitalized, as in "the Hudson River". The main thing is to be consistent with whatever you choose. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). When people form a group and give it a name, it should be capitalized. Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses.
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